Historiografi Annales: Fernand Braudel dan Emanuel Le Roy Ladurie

Abstract

Annales school promoted new concept of history that know as "structure" and "conjunction". These concepts  become the starting point of social history to replace conventional models that focus only to the political and military events. To avoid the conventional historical, Annales offers three main points: (1) a problem oriented analytical history to replace a traditional narrative of events; (2) the history of the whole range of human activities to replace the model of political history; (3) to achieve these two objectives, Annales advocated a collaboration with other diciplines such as geography, sociology, psychology, economics, linguistics, social, anthropology, etc. Two of Annales's famous figures are Fernand Braudel and Emanuel Le Roy Ladurie. Braudel writes about the Mediterranean during the time of Philip II. Braudel's work is divided into three parts, namely: (1) the history of geographical space that is almost immobile; (2) the history of states, economic unions, and cultural environments; and (3) the history of political events. According to Braudel there are three types of facts within a period of history, namely: (a) events, (b) conjuncture, and (d) structure. While Emanuel Le Roy Ladurie is known for his work Montaillou which is an example of what is called a microhistory which is a history of a small French territory. The originality of this work lies in the attempt to write community studies from a historical angle within an anthropological framework. Although it also discusses the events, but behind the event revealed the picture of the mentality of society in its time so that this work can be regarded as an example of historical writing with a mentality approach.